Category Archives: Yard & Outdoors

How to Build a Retaining Wall with Railroad Ties Retaining walls are essential landscape features that prevent soil erosion, create usable flat spaces on sloped terrain, and add visual structure to a yard

December 01, 2025   Shane

While materials like concrete blocks and natural stone are popular, railroad ties offer a rustic, durable, and often more affordable alternative. Their substantial size allows for quicker construction of taller walls. However, building with railroad ties requires careful planning and execution due to their weight and potential environmental considerations.

Important Preliminary Note: Modern railroad ties are often treated with chemical preservatives like creosote, which can be toxic. For any project near gardens or areas frequented by children and pets, it is highly recommended to seek out “new, non-treated” landscape timbers or recycled composite timbers designed to mimic the look of railroad ties. Always wear gloves, long sleeves, and a dust mask when handling old railroad ties.

Planning & Safety

  • 1. Check Local Regulations::

    • Before you begin, contact your local building department. Many municipalities have codes governing retaining walls over a certain height (often 3-4 feet), which may require a permit or professional engineering.

  • 2. Call Before You Dig::

    • In the U.S. and Canada, always call 811 or your local utility locating service at least a few days before digging. They will mark the location of underground lines for free.

  • 3. Design Your Wall::

    • Determine the wall’s length, height, and layout. A wall taller than 3-4 feet requires advanced techniques and professional consultation. For stability, the wall should lean slightly back into the hill (a “batter” of about 1 inch for every foot of height).

    Materials & Tools
    Materials:
    * Railroad ties or suitable landscape timbers
    * Drainage gravel (¾-inch crushed stone)
    * Landscape fabric (non-woven geotextile)
    * Deadmen anchors (for walls over 3 feet): extra railroad ties cut to 4-5 ft lengths
    * Rebar pins (12-18 inch lengths, ½-inch diameter)
    * Galvanized spikes (12-inch landscape spikes) or large lag bolts

    Tools:
    * Shovel, spade, and digging bar
    * Tape measure, level, and string line
    * Circular saw or chainsaw (with a sharp blade for treated wood)
    * Sledgehammer
    * Drill with a long wood bit (for pre-drilling spike holes)
    * Plate compactor or hand tamper
    * Wheelbarrow

    Step-by-Step Construction Guide

    Step 1:

    Excavate the Trench
    Mark the front line of your wall with string and stakes. Dig a level trench along this line. The trench should be wide enough to accommodate the full width of your tie and deep enough to bury the first course (layer) by at least one-third of its height. For a standard 7-inch tall tie, dig a trench about 4-6 inches deep. The trench base must be perfectly level and compacted.

    Step 2:

    Establish Drainage and Foundation
    Line the back of the trench (the side against the hill) with landscape fabric, allowing excess to drape up the excavated slope. Fill the trench with 2-3 inches of drainage gravel and compact it thoroughly. This gravel bed is critical for preventing water from pooling under the ties, which causes rot and heaving.

    Step 3:

    Lay the First Course
    Place your first railroad tie in the trench on the gravel bed. Check for level from front to back and side to side. Use gravel to shim and adjust until it is perfectly level. This course sets the stage for the entire wall, so take your time.

    Step 4:

    Secure the Ties and Build Up
    * Drill and Spike: For each subsequent tier, stagger the vertical joints like bricks for strength. Pre-drill holes at an angle through the new tie and into the one below. Drive 12-inch galvanized spikes through the holes to pin the ties together. Use at least two spikes per tie, positioned about one foot from each end.
    * Anchor with Rebar: For additional lateral stability, drive 12-18 inch rebar pins vertically through pre-drilled holes in the ties and into the ground below. Space these pins every 3-4 feet along the wall.
    * Install Deadmen (For Walls Over 3 Feet): Every 6-8 feet along the wall, install a “deadman”—a tie that extends perpendicularly back into the hillside. Bury it in a trench and spike it securely to the face ties. This acts as an anchor, tying the wall into the stable soil behind it.

    Step 5:

    Install Backfill and Drainage
    As you build each course, immediately backfill behind the wall with drainage gravel. Do not use native soil. The gravel layer should be at least 6-12 inches thick directly behind the wall. Wrap the landscape fabric over the gravel to prevent soil from clogging the drainage zone. Continue this process—lay a course, backfill with gravel, compact—until you reach the final height.

    Step 6:

    Cap the Wall (Optional)
    A final “cap” tie can be spiked horizontally along the top of the wall for a finished look. You can use a full tie or cut one lengthwise for a smaller cap.

    Step 7:

    Final Grading
    Once the wall is complete, backfill the remaining area behind the gravel drainage zone with native soil. Slope the final grade slightly away from the top of the wall to direct surface water runoff away from the structure.

    Long-Term Maintenance
    * Inspect Annually: Check for signs of bulging, leaning, or rot.
    * Ensure Proper Drainage: Keep weep holes (if installed) or the gravel base clear of debris.
    * Address Vegetation: Prevent tree and large shrub roots from growing into the wall structure.

    Conclusion
    Building a retaining wall with railroad ties is a demanding but rewarding DIY project that can transform a sloped, unusable area into a beautiful and functional landscape feature. By prioritizing a solid, level foundation, robust internal drainage, and secure mechanical fastening, you can construct a wall that is both strong and enduring. Always prioritize safety, don’t hesitate to seek help with heavy lifting, and consider professional advice for taller or complex walls. With careful work, your railroad tie retaining wall will serve your property for decades.

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    The Best Mulch for Vegetable Gardens in 2025: A Guide to Healthier Soil and Bigger Harvests

    October 27, 2025   Shane

    As we look toward the 2025 growing season, the focus for dedicated gardeners is sharper than ever on sustainable practices that build soil health, conserve resources, and maximize yield. At the heart of this effort lies a simple, yet profoundly effective tool: mulch. Far from being just a decorative topping, the right mulch is a dynamic, living part of your garden’s ecosystem. This guide will break down the best mulching options for your vegetable garden, helping you choose the perfect material for your plants and your principles.

    Why Mulching is Non-Negotiable in 2025

    Before diving into materials, it’s crucial to understand the multifaceted role mulch plays in a modern vegetable garden. A proper layer of mulch acts as your garden’s personal assistant, working 24/7 to:

    • Drastically Reduce Watering: By suppressing evaporation, mulch keeps soil moist for longer, a critical advantage in an era of unpredictable weather.
    • Suppress Weeds Naturally: It blocks sunlight, preventing weed seeds from germinating and saving you countless hours of back-breaking labor.
    • Regulate Soil Temperature: It keeps roots cooler in the scorching summer heat and provides a buffer against early fall chills.
    • Enhance Soil Fertility: Organic mulches decompose, adding valuable nutrients and organic matter that feed earthworms and beneficial microbes.
    • Prevent Soil Erosion and Compaction: It protects your precious topsoil from being washed away by heavy rains or baked hard by the sun.

    Top Mulch Contenders for Your 2025 Vegetable Garden

    1. Straw (Not Hay!)

    Best For: A clean, effective, and versatile all-rounder.

    Straw remains a gold standard for vegetable gardens. It’s light, easy to spread, and creates an excellent barrier against weeds while allowing water to penetrate easily. It breaks down slowly, adding organic matter to the soil over time. A key 2025 tip is to source from reputable suppliers to ensure it’s free of persistent herbicide residues. Avoid hay, as it’s full of weed seeds.

    2. Shredded Leaves (The Free Super-Mulch)

    Best For: Building incredible soil structure and fertility on a budget.

    If you have deciduous trees, you have one of the best mulches available—for free. Shredded leaves mimic the natural forest floor, creating a habitat for beneficial organisms. They decompose into a rich, crumbly humus that dramatically improves soil texture and nutrient content. Run over fallen leaves with a mower before applying to prevent them from matting into a soggy layer.

    3. Finished Compost

    Best For: A nutrient-dense “top-dressing” that feeds as it mulches.

    While it doesn’t suppress weeds as well as bulkier mulches, a 1-2 inch layer of finished, screened compost is a powerhouse. It acts as a slow-release fertilizer, inoculates the soil with beneficial microbes, and improves moisture retention. Many gardeners use a dual-layer approach: a thin layer of compost topped with straw or leaves.

    4. Grass Clippings (Used Correctly)

    Best For: A quick, nitrogen-rich boost.

    Fresh grass clippings are high in nitrogen but must be used with care. Apply them in thin layers (no more than 1/2 inch at a time) and let them dry out before adding another. Thick, fresh layers will mat down, become slimy, and create an anaerobic mess. Ensure your clippings come from a lawn that hasn’t been treated with herbicides.

    5. Wood Chips & Bark Mulch

    Best For: Permanent paths and around perennial crops.

    Wood chips are fantastic for garden paths as they are long-lasting and suppress weeds effectively. For annual vegetable beds, use them with caution. As they decompose, they can temporarily tie up nitrogen in the soil. If used in beds, it’s best to apply them on top of a layer of compost or aged manure, or use only well-aged chips.

    How to Apply Mulch Like a Pro in 2025

    1. Wait for Warm Soil: Do not mulch too early in the spring. Allow the soil to warm up thoroughly before applying a layer, or you’ll slow the growth of your heat-loving seedlings.
    2. Weed and Water First: Remove all existing weeds and give your garden a deep, thorough watering before you lay down any mulch.
    3. Mind the Depth: A layer of 2-4 inches is ideal for most organic mulches. Too little won’t suppress weeds; too much can prevent water and air from reaching the soil.
    4. Keep it Clear: Pull the mulch back a few inches from the stems of your plants to prevent moisture-related rot and discourage pests.

    Choosing the right mulch for your vegetable garden in 2025 is less about finding a single “best” product and more about matching the material to your garden’s specific needs. Whether you opt for the simplicity of straw, the fertility-building power of shredded leaves, or the nutrient punch of compost, you are making a conscious investment in the long-term health and productivity of your garden. Happy growing!

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    course

    September 29, 2025   Shane

    Here is a professional English article titled “Inground Pool Maintenance Checklist 2025,” formatted for clarity and ready for publication.

    ***

    Your Ultimate Inground Pool Maintenance Checklist for 2025

    Owning an inground pool is a luxury that provides endless hours of relaxation and fun. However, preserving that crystal-clear, inviting water requires a consistent and informed maintenance routine. As we move into 2025, pool care is smarter and more efficient than ever, blending time-tested principles with modern technology.

    This comprehensive checklist is your guide to a pristine and healthy pool all season long.

    The Golden Rule:

    Circulation, Filtration, and Chemistry

    Every effective pool maintenance plan rests on three pillars: Circulation, Filtration, and Chemistry. Keeping these in balance prevents the vast majority of common pool problems.

  • 1. Circulation::

    • Stagnant water is a breeding ground for algae and bacteria.

  • 2. Filtration::

    • Your filter is the kidney of your pool, removing debris and contaminants.

  • 3. Chemistry::

    • Properly balanced water is safe, comfortable, and protects your pool equipment from damage.

    —

    Your 2025 Inground Pool Maintenance Checklist

    Daily Tasks (5-10 Minutes)

    * Skim the Surface: Use a hand skimmer to remove leaves, insects, and other floating debris.
    * Check the Skimmer and Pump Baskets: Empty them to ensure unobstructed water flow to the pump.
    * Brief Visual Inspection: Look for any obvious signs of trouble, such as leaks, unusual noises from the pump, or cloudiness in the water.
    * Monitor Water Level: Ensure the water level is about halfway up the skimmer opening.

    Weekly Tasks (30-45 Minutes)

    * Vacuum the Pool: Manually vacuum the pool floor and walls to remove settled dirt and debris. Alternatively, ensure your robotic or automatic cleaner is running its full cycle.
    * Brush Walls and Tile: Brush the walls, steps, and ladder to dislodge algae and biofilm before it can take hold. Use a tile brush to scrub the waterline to prevent scale and scum buildup.
    * Test Water Chemistry: Use a reliable liquid test kit or digital tester for the most accurate results. Test and balance these key levels:
    * Free Chlorine (FC): 1-3 ppm (Sanitizer)
    * pH: 7.4 – 7.6 (Ideal range for swimmer comfort and chlorine effectiveness)
    * Total Alkalinity (TA): 80 – 120 ppm (Helps stabilize pH)
    * Cyanuric Acid (CYA): 30 – 50 ppm (Stabilizes chlorine from sun degradation)
    * Shock the Pool: Add a weekly dose of shock treatment, especially after heavy use, rainstorms, or extreme heat, to oxidize contaminants and keep the water sparkling.

    Monthly Tasks

    * Deep Clean the Filter: The type of filter you have determines the cleaning method.
    * Sand Filter: Perform a backwash until the sight glass runs clear. Deep clean with a filter cleaner once per season.
    * Cartridge Filter: Remove and hose off the cartridges thoroughly. Soak in a filter cleaning solution every few months.
    * D.E. (Diatomaceous Earth) Filter: Backwash and add new D.E. powder. Perform a complete tear-down and cleaning a few times per season.
    * Inspect Pool Equipment: Check for signs of wear on the pump, filter, heater, and pipes. Listen for unusual noises.
    * Test for Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): High TDS (above 2500 ppm) can make water dull and reduce chemical efficiency, indicating a need for partial drainage and refilling.

    Seasonal & Annual Tasks

    * Opening the Pool (Spring):
    * Remove the cover and clean it before storage.
    * Reinstall and prime the pump.
    * Fill the pool to the proper level.
    * Perform a “SLAM” (Shock Level And Maintain) process to eliminate any nascent algae and bacteria.
    * Rebalance all chemicals to their ideal levels.

    * Closing the Pool (Fall/Autumn):
    * Thoroughly clean and vacuum the pool.
    * Balance the water chemistry.
    * Add winterizing algaecide and a closing shock treatment.
    * Lower the water level below the skimmer.
    * Blow out plumbing lines and add antifreeze.
    * Install a secure winter cover.

    * Professional Inspection: Once a year, have a certified pool professional inspect your heater, automatic controls, and other complex equipment.

    —

    2025 Tech Upgrades for Effortless Maintenance

    To make your routine even easier, consider integrating these modern solutions:

    * Smart Monitors & Dosing Systems: Devices that automatically test water 24/7 and dispense precisely the chemicals needed.
    * High-Efficiency Variable Speed Pumps: Drastically reduce energy costs while providing superior circulation.
    * Advanced Robotic Cleaners: New models map your pool for complete coverage and can be scheduled via a smartphone app.
    * Saltwater Chlorine Generators: For a more automated and gentler sanitizing experience.

    Conclusion

    A well-maintained inground pool is a joy, not a chore. By adhering to this structured checklist, you can prevent costly repairs, ensure a safe swimming environment, and maximize your enjoyment throughout 2025 and beyond. Consistency is the key—a little regular effort saves a lot of time and money in the long run.

    Disclaimer: Always read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for your specific pool equipment and chemicals. When in doubt, consult a pool maintenance professional.

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    Understanding Slope Percentage for Effective French Drain Installation

    September 15, 2025   Matt

    A French drain is a highly effective solution for managing groundwater and preventing water damage to your property’s foundation, lawn, and landscaping. While the components—perforated pipe, gravel, and filter fabric—are crucial, the single most important factor determining the success of the entire system is its slope, or grade. Without the correct slope, water will not flow, rendering the drain ineffective and potentially causing it to become a stagnant, waterlogged trench.

    Why Slope is Non-Negotiable

    Water flows due to gravity. A French drain collects water through its perforated pipe and relies on a continuous downward slope to carry that water away from the problem area to a desired discharge point, such as a storm drain, dry well, or ditch. An insufficient slope means water will sit in the pipe, eventually saturating the surrounding soil and defeating the drain’s purpose. In worst-case scenarios, a reverse slope can actually funnel water toward your foundation.

    The Gold Standard: Minimum 1% Slope

    The universally accepted minimum slope for a French drain is a 1% grade. But what does this mean in practical terms?

    A 1% slope means the drain drops 1 foot in vertical height for every 100 feet of horizontal run. For smaller residential projects, it’s easier to think in inches per foot:

    • 1% Slope = A drop of 1/8 inch per foot of pipe.
    • 2% Slope = A drop of 1/4 inch per foot of pipe.

    While 1% is the minimum, a slope between 2% and 3% is highly recommended. This steeper grade ensures more positive drainage, helps prevent sediment buildup within the pipe, and provides a margin for error during installation and any future settling of the ground.

    How to Calculate and Measure Slope

    Proper planning is essential. Follow these steps to ensure your drain has the correct grade:

    1. Plan the Path: Map the entire course of the drain from the starting point to the discharge location using string lines and stakes.
    2. Establish Elevations: Use a string level, a line level, or a builder’s transit to find the difference in height between your start and end points.
    3. Do the Math: Calculate the required slope. For example, if your drain run is 50 feet long and you want a 2% slope, you need a total drop of 1 foot (50 ft x 0.02 = 1 ft).
    4. Check as You Dig: As you excavate the trench, frequently use a 4-foot carpenter’s level with a ruler taped to one end. Place the level in the trench; for a 2% slope, the end of the level should be 1 inch higher than the end sitting on the pipe.

    Common Challenges and Solutions

    • Flat Properties: If your property is very flat, achieving even a 1% slope may require a deeper trench at the starting point or a longer run to the discharge area. In extreme cases, a catch basin or sump pump may be necessary to lift the water to a level where gravity can take over.
    • Rocky or Difficult Soil: Digging a consistent slope can be challenging. Be prepared to dig deeper in certain sections to maintain your grade line.
    • Discharge Location: Always ensure your chosen discharge point is lower than the end of your French drain. The slope of the drain is meaningless if it empties into a spot that is too high.

    Conclusion: Slope is Everything

    Investing in quality pipe and gravel is wasted without the foundational principle of correct slope. Taking the time to meticulously calculate, measure, and verify the grade throughout the installation process is the key to a French drain that functions perfectly for years to come. When in doubt, consulting with a professional landscaper or civil engineer can ensure your drainage solution is built on a solid, sloping foundation.

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    Artificial Turf Installation Cost Calculator: A Comprehensive Guide

    August 18, 2025   Shane

    Installing artificial turf is a smart investment for homeowners and businesses looking to enhance their outdoor spaces with low-maintenance, durable, and aesthetically pleasing synthetic grass. However, estimating the total cost can be challenging due to various factors such as materials, labor, and site preparation.

    To simplify this process, an Artificial Turf Installation Cost Calculator can help you get an accurate estimate tailored to your project. In this guide, we’ll break down the key cost factors and how to use a calculator effectively.

    —

    Key Factors Affecting Artificial Turf Installation Costs

  • 1. Turf Quality & Type:

    • – Budget-friendly options: – per sq. ft.
    – Mid-range synthetic grass: – per sq. ft.
    – Premium turf (high-end, realistic look & feel): –+ per sq. ft.

  • 2. Site Preparation & Base Materials:

    • – Excavation & grading: – per sq. ft.
    – Crushed rock or decomposed granite base: – per sq. ft.
    – Weed barrier fabric: .10–.50 per sq. ft.

  • 3. Labor Costs:

    • – Professional installation: – per sq. ft.
    – DIY installation (labor savings but requires expertise)

  • 4. Additional Features:

    • – Drainage systems: .50– per sq. ft.
    – Infill materials (silica sand, rubber): .50–.50 per sq. ft.
    – Custom designs (patterns, logos, multi-color turf): Extra – per sq. ft.

  • 5. Project Size & Complexity:

    • – Larger areas may have lower per-sq.-ft. costs due to bulk pricing.
    – Sloped or irregularly shaped yards may increase labor costs.

    —

    How to Use an Artificial Turf Cost Calculator

    A reliable Artificial Turf Installation Cost Calculator typically requires the following inputs:

  • 1. Square Footage:

    • – Measure the area to be covered.

  • 2. Turf Type Selection:

    • – Choose between budget, mid-range, or premium turf.

  • 3. Site Preparation Needs:

    • – Indicate if excavation, grading, or base materials are required.

  • 4. Additional Features:

    • – Select infill, drainage, or custom design options.

  • 5. Labor Preferences:

    • – Choose between professional installation or DIY.

    Once entered, the calculator provides an estimated total cost, helping you budget effectively.

    —

    Sample Cost Calculation

    For a 500 sq. ft. backyard:

  • Mid-range turf (/sq. ft.):

    • → ,500

  • Base preparation (/sq. ft.):

    • → ,000

  • Labor (/sq. ft.):

    • → ,500

  • Infill (/sq. ft.):

    • → 0

    Total Estimated Cost: ,500

    —

    Tips to Reduce Artificial Turf Costs

    ✅ Compare Multiple Quotes – Get estimates from at least 3 contractors.
    ✅ Opt for Standard Turf – Avoid premium options unless necessary.
    ✅ DIY Partial Installation – Handle site prep yourself to save on labor.
    ✅ Buy in Bulk – Larger projects may qualify for discounts.

    —

    Conclusion

    An Artificial Turf Installation Cost Calculator is an invaluable tool for planning your synthetic grass project. By understanding the key cost factors and using a calculator, you can make informed decisions and stay within budget.

    For the most accurate estimate, consult with professional installers and request a detailed breakdown before committing to your project.

    Would you like a free cost estimate for your artificial turf installation? Try our calculator today!

    —

    *(Note: Prices may vary based on location, market conditions, and installer rates. Always verify with local contractors.)*

    Would you like any modifications or additional details?

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    Mosquito Repellent Plants for Small Yards

    August 11, 2025   Shane

    A small yard shouldn’t mean big mosquito problems. Instead of relying solely on chemical sprays, consider incorporating natural mosquito-repellent plants into your outdoor space. These plants not only add beauty and fragrance but also help keep pesky insects at bay. Here are some of the best options for compact gardens and patios.

    1. Citronella (Pelargonium citrosum)

    Often called the “mosquito plant,” citronella is famous for its strong citrusy scent that repels mosquitoes. While the true citronella oil comes from a different grass species (*Cymbopogon nardus*), this variety is easier to grow in pots and small spaces.

    Care Tips:
    – Thrives in full sun to partial shade.
    – Water moderately; avoid overwatering.
    – Ideal for containers near seating areas.

    2. Lavender (Lavandula spp.)

    Lavender’s soothing fragrance is loved by humans but deters mosquitoes, flies, and moths. Its purple blooms also attract pollinators like bees and butterflies.

    Care Tips:
    – Prefers full sun and well-draining soil.
    – Drought-tolerant once established.
    – Great for borders or small garden beds.

    3. Marigolds (Tagetes spp.)

    These bright, cheerful flowers contain pyrethrum, a natural insect repellent used in many commercial sprays. They also deter aphids and other garden pests.

    Care Tips:
    – Plant in full sun.
    – Water at the base to avoid fungal issues.
    – Perfect for edging or container gardening.

    4. Basil (Ocimum basilicum)

    A dual-purpose herb, basil keeps mosquitoes away while providing fresh leaves for cooking. Its strong aroma is effective against flying insects.

    Care Tips:
    – Needs full sun and regular watering.
    – Pinch back flowers to encourage bushier growth.
    – Grow in pots near doorways or windows.

    5. Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)

    A member of the mint family, lemon balm has a strong lemony scent that repels mosquitoes. However, it can spread aggressively, so container planting is best.

    Care Tips:
    – Grows well in sun or partial shade.
    – Keep trimmed to prevent overgrowth.
    – Crush leaves to release more fragrance.

    6. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)

    This aromatic herb is excellent for repelling mosquitoes and adds flavor to dishes. Its woody stems make it suitable for small gardens or pots.

    Care Tips:
    – Prefers full sun and well-drained soil.
    – Drought-resistant once established.
    – Can be shaped into small hedges.

    7. Catnip (Nepeta cataria)

    Studies show that catnip is even more effective than DEET in repelling mosquitoes. However, it may attract cats, so plant it strategically.

    Care Tips:
    – Grows in full sun to partial shade.
    – Tolerates poor soil conditions.
    – Best in containers to control spreading.

    Tips for Maximizing Effectiveness

  • Crush leaves occasionally:

    • to release more repellent oils.

  • Place plants near seating areas:

    • doorways, or windows.

  • Combine multiple repellent plants:

    • for better coverage.

  • Remove standing water:

    • to prevent mosquito breeding.

    By incorporating these mosquito-repellent plants into your small yard, you can enjoy a more pleasant outdoor space naturally. Whether in pots, raised beds, or compact garden corners, these plants offer beauty, fragrance, and functionality—keeping your summer evenings bite-free.

    Would you like recommendations for arranging these plants in a small space layout? Let me know!

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